Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

CHL discussions that do not fit into more specific topics

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Hoi Polloi
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#121

Post by Hoi Polloi »

Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Hoi Polloi wrote:I was writing a response to baldeagle saying the same thing he said about variables.

I started looking up the legal reasons for revocation to compare Texas' to Utah's.

A much better sample which would limit variables would be TX residents with a TX resident CHL and TX residents with a Utah non-resident CHL.

It hasn't changed my opinion, as I don't have one and am merely offering that the stats should be considered before forming one, but it does definitely pique my curiosity.
You are the one who referenced the revocation rates as being relevant, not me. Baldeagle just gave you the numbers I didn't know and they clearly cut against your argument. As an attorney, I know how uncomfortable it is trying to defend against an issue you brought up when it turned sour. There's an old saying with trial attorneys, "once the skunk is in the jury box, you can never get rid of the smell!" (I'm just having a little fun here, so don't be offended.)

I agreed with baldeagle that there is no way to draw any real conclusions from this data, other than the obvious; the Utah revocation rate is 4.6 times higher than the Texas revocation rate. I was also very surprised to see that Utah had issued over 200,000 CFP's. When I took the course, Utah had issued only about 40,000 to 60,000 licenses (2 years ago), according to one of the instructors. (He could have meant to Utah residents.) My instructor class had about 35 to 40 people in it and only 4, that's right 4, were Utah residents! The rest were from all over the country including Hawaii. So it is highly likely that Utah revocations are from all over the country and not just from Utah licenses issued to Utah residents.

As for enforcement, I can state with confidence that Utah's 4 employees in the concealed handgun division do not pursue revocation more aggressively than Texas. As a Utah instructor I can also state that Utah law does not provide greater reason or opportunity to revoke a license than Texas law. Only by thoroughly researching this issue could we be sure (and I have neither the time nor the desire to do so), but I suspect the majority of the Utah revocations are because of acts committed in states other than Utah by people carrying on a Utah non-resident CFP. Two factors support this hypothesis; 1) there are many more Utah CFP's held by non-residents than Utah residents; and 2) the fact that Utah law prohibits the teaching of any other state's laws during the Utah class increases the likelihood those CFP's have not received training or education on their home state's laws relative to the use of force, including deadly force, or any other statutes that impact the carrying of handguns by citizens. (Remember, there's a lot more to carrying a gun than knowing when you can use it. Texas' 51% rule; definition of "premises," duty to display a CHL; 30 day time limit to report a new address, SA v. NSA license are but examples.)

Chas.
Charles, I think you've confused me with another poster again.

I just looked over all the posts I've made in this thread. My first post was questioning the consistency of people's arguments between their overall political stance on gun laws and their solutions for this issue. It did not reference revocation rates or give my opinion on non-resident Utah CFPs.

My second post stated that reciprocity is a poor term for describing the process of recognizing other states' concealed carry permits (which sjfcontrol later responded to by stating that reciprocity is accurately used in conjunction with the term unilateral as necessary).

My third post was about economics being a valid point of discussion. The summary statement in that post is, "So the real question here is what should the laws be and how do we get them there? The contingency plan if that doesn't work shouldn't be the first run."

My fourth post only said, "Yes, and he really shot himself in the foot, too, as his revenue stream could really be dried up after that." It obviously did not state an opinion on the subject of recognizing non-resident CFPs.

My fifth post mainly asked questions regarding what is actually going on because of the what-if scenarios being presented. It asked for stats to determine the reality. Sjfcontrol later said that this post caused the thread to jump the shark when I used a reductio ad absurdum regarding extraterrestrial lifeforms to demonstrate the absurdity of the fearmongering in place of any real data.

My sixth post again asked for data from which opinions could be extrapolated. A quote from that post: "I think those numbers would observably show if Utah's non-resident license holders maintain the minimum standards for Texas concealed carry in comparison to those with a TX resident CHL." It did not state a position and clearly demonstrated that I continued to look for statistics from which a legitimate opinion could be reached.

My seventh post again asked questions about statistics, specifically asking if stats I had were accurate and for input from those who had more knowledge of the statistics. It made no statements of opinion.

My eighth post pointed out that you responded to me, specifically saying I'd made a derogatory comment, when you were intending to respond to comments from a different poster and misattributed those comments to me.

My ninth post said that I agreed with baldeagle that the stats posted had too many variables from which to draw opinions and I mused on which stats would lead to better extrapolation on the subject at hand. A quote from that post: "It hasn't changed my opinion, as I don't have one and am merely offering that the stats should be considered before forming one, but it does definitely pique my curiosity."

This is my tenth post to the thread in which I will again say that we seem to be shooting at ghosts without any data on how much of a "problem" this is. Guesses and hypotheses are useless, especially when considering a restriction of people's current legal rights. I completely concede that guesses by those who are in the thick of things are more likely to be accurate, and if they are then they will stand up to investigation. I have no opinion on the accuracy of your guesses and I continue to wonder what the stats are. I understand that it would take time and money to discover them and that is why I asked in my seventh post if a study already taken covers the topic.

My only thought--and this is the first time I've mentioned an opinion on the topic at hand, which I point out is not so much an opinion but a very rough observation more than anything--is that even with Utah's rate of revocation being so much higher than Texas', that it seems that their revocation rate is still an infinitesimally small number in comparison to the whole of non-resident CFP holders. I wonder if those revocations include an abnormally high percentage of concerning crimes in comparison to more administrative issues, as someone else has brought up at least a couple times in the thread. I have no opinion on that and again would be interested in the numbers. I'm not personally invested enough to finance finding those numbers, but I know that some people and organizations are concerned about further restrictions being placed on Texans' gun rights who would be interested in those stats. I point out again that I am surprised by the inconsistency of some posters who belong to such organizations and regularly say that they want less restrictions on the carrying and bearing of arms who then post on this issue to say more, more, more restrictions based only on what everyone has so far agreed is an isolated situation of media fearmongering over what-ifs.

If it is a problem, get the numbers, form a solution, and do something about it. I would hope that the solution offered would be consistent with the political ideology the poster holds overall. If it isn't a problem, the issue is the distortion of the media and the solution should be directed towards that and not towards the non-issue.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#122

Post by jester »

Hoi Polloi wrote:This is my tenth post to the thread in which I will again say that we seem to be shooting at ghosts without any data on how much of a "problem" this is.
It looks like all of this is the result of a personal feud between a firearm instructor and someone with powerful political juice.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#123

Post by srothstein »

Well, here is a story I just found on this "problem". It now has a named state representative (Lon Burnam - Dem from Ft. Worth) promising to work on this loophole in the next legislative session. And it has a scope for the problem, which raises a whole new set of questions. The article claims the state is "losing" $1.5 million per year in concealed carry fees to Utah. If they realize there are other states also, that number can be inflated higher.

But how can we be losing anything when the CHL fee was supposed to be revenue neutral? It was to pay the cost of the program only, not make any money for the state. But this does show the politics of the problem.

I think we need to take Charles' advice now and let this issue drop from public talk while he and TSRA work on the legislature "solutions".
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#124

Post by Hoi Polloi »

srothstein wrote:Well, here is a story I just found on this "problem". It now has a named state representative (Lon Burnam - Dem from Ft. Worth) promising to work on this loophole in the next legislative session. And it has a scope for the problem, which raises a whole new set of questions. The article claims the state is "losing" $1.5 million per year in concealed carry fees to Utah. If they realize there are other states also, that number can be inflated higher.

But how can we be losing anything when the CHL fee was supposed to be revenue neutral? It was to pay the cost of the program only, not make any money for the state. But this does show the politics of the problem.

I think we need to take Charles' advice now and let this issue drop from public talk while he and TSRA work on the legislature "solutions".
YAY! They quote economics as the reason for concern. Who was it who posted a while back what the solution is from an economic standpoint? ;-)

*edited to fix formatting...twice, 'cuz the first time didn't work.
srothstein wrote:Maybe I missed it, but I think there is a better solution to this problem. We could let the marketplace make the decision for us. That way, if Texas wants its residents to use Texas CHLs instead of other states, it fixes the CHL system to make the Texas CHL more competitive on the market. In other words, lower the price, speed up the process (though they are doing very well right now), cut the number of ways a license gets suspended, allow anyone aho can legally own a gun (and therefore carry it in their car) to get a CHL, etc.

Look at the reasons given for people getting out of state CHLs. Are the reasons they give really good reasons for Texas to stop them from getting a Texas CHL?
Last edited by Hoi Polloi on Sun Jun 27, 2010 10:56 pm, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#125

Post by The Annoyed Man »

srothstein wrote:Well, here is a story I just found on this "problem". It now has a named state representative (Lon Burnam - Dem from Ft. Worth) promising to work on this loophole in the next legislative session. And it has a scope for the problem, which raises a whole new set of questions. The article claims the state is "losing" $1.5 million per year in concealed carry fees to Utah. If they realize there are other states also, that number can be inflated higher.

But how can we be losing anything when the CHL fee was supposed to be revenue neutral? It was to pay the cost of the program only, not make any money for the state. But this does show the politics of the problem.

I think we need to take Charles' advice now and let this issue drop from public talk while he and TSRA work on the legislature "solutions".
Even if it weren't revenue neutral, $1.5 million is a bogus figure. At the rate of $140 per applicant "lost," that would make 10,714 applicants per year who choose CFP instead of CHL. That doesn't seem likely, given the number of CHL applicants we know are processed per year.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#126

Post by Charles L. Cotton »

Hoi Polloi wrote:
Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Hoi Polloi wrote:I was writing a response to baldeagle saying the same thing he said about variables.

I started looking up the legal reasons for revocation to compare Texas' to Utah's.

A much better sample which would limit variables would be TX residents with a TX resident CHL and TX residents with a Utah non-resident CHL.

It hasn't changed my opinion, as I don't have one and am merely offering that the stats should be considered before forming one, but it does definitely pique my curiosity.
You are the one who referenced the revocation rates as being relevant, not me. Baldeagle just gave you the numbers I didn't know and they clearly cut against your argument. As an attorney, I know how uncomfortable it is trying to defend against an issue you brought up when it turned sour. There's an old saying with trial attorneys, "once the skunk is in the jury box, you can never get rid of the smell!" (I'm just having a little fun here, so don't be offended.)

I agreed with baldeagle that there is no way to draw any real conclusions from this data, other than the obvious; the Utah revocation rate is 4.6 times higher than the Texas revocation rate. I was also very surprised to see that Utah had issued over 200,000 CFP's. When I took the course, Utah had issued only about 40,000 to 60,000 licenses (2 years ago), according to one of the instructors. (He could have meant to Utah residents.) My instructor class had about 35 to 40 people in it and only 4, that's right 4, were Utah residents! The rest were from all over the country including Hawaii. So it is highly likely that Utah revocations are from all over the country and not just from Utah licenses issued to Utah residents.

As for enforcement, I can state with confidence that Utah's 4 employees in the concealed handgun division do not pursue revocation more aggressively than Texas. As a Utah instructor I can also state that Utah law does not provide greater reason or opportunity to revoke a license than Texas law. Only by thoroughly researching this issue could we be sure (and I have neither the time nor the desire to do so), but I suspect the majority of the Utah revocations are because of acts committed in states other than Utah by people carrying on a Utah non-resident CFP. Two factors support this hypothesis; 1) there are many more Utah CFP's held by non-residents than Utah residents; and 2) the fact that Utah law prohibits the teaching of any other state's laws during the Utah class increases the likelihood those CFP's have not received training or education on their home state's laws relative to the use of force, including deadly force, or any other statutes that impact the carrying of handguns by citizens. (Remember, there's a lot more to carrying a gun than knowing when you can use it. Texas' 51% rule; definition of "premises," duty to display a CHL; 30 day time limit to report a new address, SA v. NSA license are but examples.)

Chas.
Charles, I think you've confused me with another poster again.
Nope, no confusion at all. Here is your post from the 6th page of this thread.

Chas.
Hoi Polloi wrote:
Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Significant Otter wrote:On the whole, Texans with a Utah CFP seem to be at least as knowledgeable and competent as those who pass one of the many "One Day CHL" classes taught in Texas.
What is the basis of this statement? What evidence supports this rather outrageous opinion of approximately 450,000 Texas CHL holders about 1600 CHL Instructors?

Chas.
Charles,

Among those who have their licenses revoked, is there a statistically higher percentage of people who have a non-resident CHL-equivalent license represented? Among those revocations of non-resident CHLs, is Utah statistically overrepresented in comparison to the percentage of overall licenses in use?

I think those numbers would observably show if Utah's non-resident license holders maintain the minimum standards for Texas concealed carry in comparison to those with a TX resident CHL.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#127

Post by Hoi Polloi »

Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Hoi Polloi wrote: Charles, I think you've confused me with another poster again.
Nope, no confusion at all. Here is your post from the 6th page of this thread.

Chas.
Hoi Polloi wrote:
Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Significant Otter wrote:On the whole, Texans with a Utah CFP seem to be at least as knowledgeable and competent as those who pass one of the many "One Day CHL" classes taught in Texas.
What is the basis of this statement? What evidence supports this rather outrageous opinion of approximately 450,000 Texas CHL holders about 1600 CHL Instructors?

Chas.
Charles,

Among those who have their licenses revoked, is there a statistically higher percentage of people who have a non-resident CHL-equivalent license represented? Among those revocations of non-resident CHLs, is Utah statistically overrepresented in comparison to the percentage of overall licenses in use?

I think those numbers would observably show if Utah's non-resident license holders maintain the minimum standards for Texas concealed carry in comparison to those with a TX resident CHL.
Charles,

You said, "Baldeagle just gave you the numbers I didn't know and they clearly cut against your argument." Then you quoted me asking an honest question devoid of argument--in the question you bolded or the entire post--as proof. I'm confused.

*edited to fix quote box
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#128

Post by Charles L. Cotton »

Hoi Polloi wrote:
Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Hoi Polloi wrote: Charles, I think you've confused me with another poster again.
Nope, no confusion at all. Here is your post from the 6th page of this thread.

Chas.
Hoi Polloi wrote:
Charles L. Cotton wrote:
Significant Otter wrote:On the whole, Texans with a Utah CFP seem to be at least as knowledgeable and competent as those who pass one of the many "One Day CHL" classes taught in Texas.
What is the basis of this statement? What evidence supports this rather outrageous opinion of approximately 450,000 Texas CHL holders about 1600 CHL Instructors?

Chas.
Charles,

Among those who have their licenses revoked, is there a statistically higher percentage of people who have a non-resident CHL-equivalent license represented? Among those revocations of non-resident CHLs, is Utah statistically overrepresented in comparison to the percentage of overall licenses in use?

I think those numbers would observably show if Utah's non-resident license holders maintain the minimum standards for Texas concealed carry in comparison to those with a TX resident CHL.
Charles,

You said, "Baldeagle just gave you the numbers I didn't know and they clearly cut against your argument." Then you quoted me asking an honest question devoid of argument--in the question you bolded or the entire post--as proof. I'm confused.

*edited to fix quote box
I don't know how you are confused. Your post on the 6th page pointed to the relative revocation rates between Utah and Texas as somehow being relevant. Baldeagle found those numbers and posted them, after which I asked you if your opinion had changed. You then claimed I must be confusing you with another member implying that you didn't mention the revocation rates. I then copied your post from the 6th page on this thread where you did reference the relative revocations.

Chas.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#129

Post by PUCKER »

I've read some (not ALL) of this thread...I think I saw a mention of the Motorist Protection Act (MPA) - you know, it's really almost a slap in the face to those of us who are CHL holders...folks can carry in their car with no training, no license, etc...just pointing this out - NO, I'm NOT at all opposed to the MPA - but just throwing that out there for consumption - you don't have to know squat about any states' deadly force laws and it's A-OK to carry a concealed pistol in your car in Texas - where's the outrage?

Regarding the UT CFP - I have one, along with the Texas CHL. After having "jumped through the hoops" for a Texas CHL (since '96 from what I recall) I've gotta tell you that I much prefer the UT CFP due to initial price AND renewal price ($10!!!! from what I recall), ease of filling out the form (ONE page!!!) and length of license (term). Texas seriously needs to look at the citizen-friendly aspect of the Texas CFP.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#130

Post by CollinLeon »

PUCKER wrote:I've read some (not ALL) of this thread...I think I saw a mention of the Motorist Protection Act (MPA) - you know, it's really almost a slap in the face to those of us who are CHL holders...folks can carry in their car with no training, no license, etc...just pointing this out - NO, I'm NOT at all opposed to the MPA - but just throwing that out there for consumption - you don't have to know squat about any states' deadly force laws and it's A-OK to carry a concealed pistol in your car in Texas - where's the outrage?
I suspect that the legislators who are so opposed to this are also ones who are opposed to ANY type of concealed weapon permit for Texans anyway. The news media makes a big deal of it because they are full of a bunch of leftist idiots and as such, they are completely opposed to the 2nd Amendment. I suspect that any Texas CHL holders who are opposed to it fall under the following categories:
  • They are irritated that they had to go through more effort to get their permits than someone who chooses a Utah permit
  • They have a financial interest in the existing system (e.g. TX CHL instructors) and as such, would not want a system that did not require training for renewals or reduced training for the actual permit
  • They have forgotten that the idea behind the CHL was that it was to be a stopgap measure until we can have complete restoration of our 2nd Amendment rights.
  • They think that the restrictions that we place on getting a CHL should also be on any CHL from a different state. They fail to realize that these restrictions are just compromises that we needed to make with the anti-2nd-Amendment leftists in our legislature in order to get them to vote for the bill. Other states have had to make different compromises (some less, some more). Utah does not have a child support clause in their CHL because either that is not a major issue in Utah or they realize that it does not deserve to be associated with a concealed carry law.
PUCKER wrote:Regarding the UT CFP - I have one, along with the Texas CHL. After having "jumped through the hoops" for a Texas CHL (since '96 from what I recall) I've gotta tell you that I much prefer the UT CFP due to initial price AND renewal price ($10!!!! from what I recall), ease of filling out the form (ONE page!!!) and length of license (term). Texas seriously needs to look at the citizen-friendly aspect of the Texas CFP.
Florida was the first to start the restoration process of our 2nd Amendment rights with their CHL law. From my understanding of their current law, you do not even have to take a test on the laws nor do you have to take a course if you are ex-military or have previously gone through a NRA or hunter education course (as is required for a hunting license these days). For around $107, if I remember correctly, you can get a Florida license that is good for 7 years. The Florida one is quite a bit more expensive than the Utah one when it comes time to renew. I believe that the renewal on the Florida license is basically the same price as the original license. Florida expect you to be able to read the handout that they give you that details where you can carry and when you can use deadly force whereas Texas requires that you attend a class that spoon feeds you this information during 10 hours of classroom time. Does it really make a difference? Do we see a higher percentage of Florida CHL holders vs Texas CHL holders getting arrested for carrying in places where they are not supposed to or using deadly force when it is not authorized? Well, I'm not aware of any such statistics... One could even argue that Florida, with the high number of Democrat retirees from the northern states would need more class time for them since they have trouble understanding even the simplest things (remember how much trouble some of them in southern Florida had with the "butterfly ballots"?)... ;-)

In my opinion, we do not need to start making exceptions for non-resident CHL holders. A person should be able to get a CHL from any state that they want and it should be recognized by any other state. At the very least, there should be a simple reciprocal relationship so that if a state recognizes a CHL from your state, you should recognize the CHL from that state. I do not believe that we should recognize NY's CHL if they will not recognize ours...
Last edited by CollinLeon on Mon Jun 28, 2010 11:01 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#131

Post by VoiceofReason »

Hoi Polloi wrote:There's a lot of talk of potential abuses. What is the reality of the situation? Do we have an epidemic of old, blind, shaking guys getting CHLs and then using them indiscriminately shooting up parking lots and taking out bystanders? Do we have an epidemic of non-resident CHL holders claiming that the reason they violated TX laws and had their licenses revoked was because they didn't know TX law?

It seems like we're shooting at ghosts here. I can understand that the media is doing it, but am surprised that it is gaining ground here.

It seems that those people who are knowledgeable enough about CHLs and who go through the process and then actually get the licenses (there are several threads here saying people regularly do everything except send off for the license) are motivated and self-policing so much so that they are less likely to commit a crime than a police officer. If that's the case, why not promote this and do PR to counter the illogical attack instead of perpetuating this fearmongering of what-if?

You know, the statutes don't exclude extraterrestrial lifeforms from getting a non-resident permit. Who is to say that they can handle guns designed for human hands? Haven't you seen Mars Attacks? I think we should exclude them from concealed carry as well. And we definitely shouldn't offer reciprocity to aliens!
I would just like to have some sort of idea of how many people are legally carrying concealed that have never fired a gun in their lives.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#132

Post by jester »

VoiceofReason wrote:
Hoi Polloi wrote:You know, the statutes don't exclude extraterrestrial lifeforms from getting a non-resident permit. Who is to say that they can handle guns designed for human hands? Haven't you seen Mars Attacks? I think we should exclude them from concealed carry as well. And we definitely shouldn't offer reciprocity to aliens!
I would just like to have some sort of idea of how many people are legally carrying concealed that have never fired a gun in their lives.
I doubt there are very many, even if you include MPA which has no class, no test, and no background check.
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#133

Post by VoiceofReason »

Question

Does anyone know why Ohio recognizes Utah’s license but not a Texas CHL?

Also I seem to remember at one time Ohio did not recognize a Texas CHL but Texas recognized an Ohio license. Now Texas does not recognize an Ohio license. Anyone know what happened?

Anyone know how the reciprocity thing works?
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#134

Post by CollinLeon »

jester wrote:I doubt there are very many, even if you include MPA which has no class, no test, and no background check.
I seriously doubt that someone would choose to carry a firearm in their vehicle (under the MPA provisions) or even with a CHL that required no range time unless they at least had some familiarity with the gun that they were choosing to carry. Maybe they won't be all that competent with it, but let's fact it, the current Texas range time doesn't really make someone competent either. I've seen instructors loan semi-automatics to women who brought revolvers to the range so that they could not be restricted to just revolvers on their license. Many of these women have never even touched a semi-automatic before. In fact, I've seen some that even needed help with the chambering of the first round out of the magazine and even the reloading of the magazines, but they still passed. In fact, if you hit the target consistently when it is at its closest point, you can completely miss the target when it is further out and you would still pass. Of course, the way the range test is structured (i.e. using the same target for each distance), the instructors are likely to just assume that you hit the target with every shot if you don't have any strays even if you completely missed the target in every instance other than when the target was closest to you. From a practical standpoint, I do not have a problem with this since defensive situations are usually quite close and it gets a bit more difficult to claim that you felt that your life was threatened by someone who was 15 yds away from you -- not impossible, just a bit more difficult...
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Re: Utah CHL Instructor Story on WFAA

#135

Post by CollinLeon »

VoiceofReason wrote:Question

Does anyone know why Ohio recognizes Utah’s license but not a Texas CHL?
There's quite a few states like that... Sometimes it's because that one state allows someone under 21 to get a CHL if they are either in the military or have been discharged from the military and the other state has a rule that says that no one no matter what can have a CHL if they are under 21. Personally, I don't agree with this, but that's not the only thing related to the government that I don't agree with... :-)

I suspect that there are very few people who are under 21 that have a CHL and even those that do due to their military exemption, they are not ones that you should be concerned about. The fact that the other state will penalize every person with a CHL from Texas just because of a couple of people who are under 21, it ridiculous. They could just as easily say that they recognize the Texas CHL as long as the holder is at least 21 years old.

In fact, I asked this question to the Washington (state) attorney general about a year ago and here is part of what he replied back to my email:
1. The other state must have a reciprocal statute allowing Washington residents to carry concealed weapons in the other state if the resident has a Washington concealed pistol permit; and

2. The other state does not issue concealed pistol licenses to persons under twenty-one years of age; and

3. The other state requires mandatory fingerprint-based background checks of criminal and mental health history for all persons who apply for a concealed pistol license.
Texas definitely allows honorably discharged veterans who are less than 21 to acquire a CHL, so they have a problem with that... I'm not so sure that we conform to their idea of a mental health history either...
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