1) lack of discipline
2) lack of feeling of belonging
1) lack of discipline
My "daughters" the oldest one (25 now) at about age 5 called me "dad" for the first time (her idea, not mine) about 2 hours after her grandparents repeatedly told her not to play on the rusty scrap metal pile ... and she ignored them, I walked over and gave her a swat on the tail ... after that, I became her "dad" she figured no one else cared for her safety much. I had a belt rack with about 10 belts on it of various widths, weights etc, when a "daughter" deserved a spanking, she got to pick out which belt she felt she "deserved" sometimes they'd pick a skinny belt, and we'd discuss surface area, how it would hurt more, they'd return it and bring a wide one. Then I'd ask how many "licks" they deserved, they'd answer "one" and I'd say well if it's just 1, I'll have to make it really really hard, but if it was say 12, each "lick" would only be 1/12th as hard ... so I'd let them do the math and negotiate. (All the while discussing the seriousness of "the offense" The "Spanking process" usually lasted quite a while (discussing) the actual spanking lasted a very short time, but they "learned".
The oldest and I still laugh over one time she complained that the last "lick" was too hard, so I offered her a rebate" and I bent over and told her to whack me however "too hard" it was for what she deserved ... she patted me "very lightly" and I said that's allll? she said yeah.

My niece, 16 next month, She's a pretty good kid, said a bad word months ago and had to sit on the porch a while and think (we don't talk like that in this house) and she was crying and hugged me when she came back in. Last year she said "I'm too old to spank" I told her the oldest person I ever spanked was a 24 year old for saying a bad word, and that my dad spanked my mom for disrespecting her parents and that's a main reason she ended up marrying him, so she (my niece) has at least another 10 years of "spankablity". She pretty well behaves around me, and I've never spanked her, but she knows I would if she "earns" it.
I got the "You can't spank me, I'll call police" response once (I knew most of the Police Dept anyway, go ahead)
But...
My response: (Handy links below)
Young lady, the Attorney General says I can, just test me if you want to see.
https://www.oag.state.tx.us/ag_publicat ... use2.shtml" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Article on SpankingIs spanking okay?
Texas law allows the use of force, but not deadly force, against a child by the child's parent, guardian, or other person who is acting in loco parentis. Most parents do, in fact, use corporal punishment (in the form of spanking) at least occasionally, and most do not, in fact, consider it abusive. Experts disagree about the advisability of ever spanking a child. Some say that, combined with other methods of discipline, mild spanking of a small child is harmless and effective. Others claim that other methods of discipline work as well as spanking or better, and that spanking is not necessary. Many child advocates and experts in child development contend that all forms of corporal punishment, including spanking, are harmful. Most believe that spanking an infant is always inappropriate. The law does not attempt to arbitrate between the different views on the best method of disciplining a child. What we do know is that severe corporal punishment can be extremely damaging and dangerous, and this is what the law prohibits as abuse.
Read more.... and guidelines at link above
http://www.woai.com/content/troubleshoo ... oHuqw.cspx" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
2) feeling like they don't "belong"
"Things are different nowadays; you are too old; RENTS (parents) can't understand like my friends do"
My "RENTS" (Parents) had West Side Story
In the 1960s/70s it was "don't trust anyone over 30" and the book "The Outsiders" (Greasers and Socs) http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/Lit ... d-139.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Kids had little "pretend" tough gangs
Later it was the movie "Colors" about the Crips and Bloods
Kids need to "belong" and they will find a "group of peers" if Parents don't help/guide them towards one
Parents are "too busy" so fewer kids are in YMCA, 4-H clubs practicing with .22s; fewer are in church groups, Scouts etc
What's that old saying, Idle hands are the devil's workshop? ... too much time unsupervised in "bad peer groups"
I showed my niece the 1960s "free love" posters, and the Bible portions which show that it's now the same as it's been for thousands of years, her parents really do know what's going on, they had the same feelings when they were her age, among others, the prodigal son had to go through hard times because of it, she doesn't have to if she'll listen to the older ones who did. She's pretty well behaved compared to many in her high school. I try to always praise her good actions, she brought up a failing grade to a 91, after I reminded her how smart she is and that she used to be on the honor roll in elementary school and has a really high IQ (and that boys will still be around after college and that 99% of my high school class isn't even in touch any more, so it really didn't matter what they thought of me... her dad told her that too, no need to "impress them".

=======================================
I try to teach
1) Actions have consequences
2) You'll ALWAYS get "caught" (if not by an adult/police/DISEASE/...etc ... there are consequences to every action)
3) YOU are responsible for your own actions
4) Love you and let's talk if you have questions ... preferably BEFORE you make any decisions you might regret.... you'll like that way better.
Ecclesiastes 1:9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.
It's the same now as it was; "RENTS" really DO understand.
The older I got, the smarter I found out that my dad was.
=====================
Funny note, yes "language" does change, my niece freaked out when her mom said "She's da bomb" ... niece looked for a terrorist body bomber ...
-----------
You do what you can, sometimes a tree grows a wild sprout out somewhere it doesn't belong anyway.
As daughters/niece grew, I do things like open the car door for them etc., and tell them to look for a guy with manners and respect. (at least when first dating)( My dad embarrassed me once by standing when a girlfriend of mine's mother walked into the room and I forgot my manners at about 26 years old)